Line | Text original | Text translated |
---|---|---|
o.i 1 | 298 ud5 | 298 nanny goats |
o.i 2 | 110 la2 1 munusaš2-gar3 | 110 minus 1 female goat kids |
o.i 3 | 270 maš2 ninta2 | 270 male goats |
o.i 4 | 200 maš2 ša3-du10 | 200 goats less than half year old |
o.i 5 | i3-nun-bi[glossary=i3-nun] 0.1.3 9 ⅓ sila3 | its butter [glossary=i3-nun] 1 bariga 3 ban 9 ⅓ sila (= 99.3 litres) |
o.i 6 | ga-murub4-bi[glossary=ga-murub4] 0.2.2 9 | its „sour milk cheese“[glossary=ga-murub4] 2 bariga 2 ban 9 sila (= 149 litres) |
o.i 7 | siki ud5-bi 4 gu2 44 ½ ma-⸢na⸣ | its goat hairs 4 gun 44 ½ ⸢mana⸣ (= 142.25 kg) |
o.i 8 | ud5 ⸢babbar2⸣ | white ⸢goats⸣ |
o.i 9 | i3-bi[glossary=i3] ⅓ sila3-ta | its butter [glossary=i3] 0.3 sila/litres each |
o.i 10 | ga-bi[glossary=ga] ½ sila3-ta | its „sour milk cheese“ [glossary=ga] 0.5 sila/litres) each |
o.i 11 | siki-bi nam-ša3-tam | its hair (scheduled for) supervision |
o.i 12 | 572 ud5 | 572 goats |
o.i 13 | [x munus]aš2-gar3 | [x female] goat kids |
o. 0 | […] (rest lost) | |
o.ii 1 | i3-nun-bi | its butter |
o.ii 2 | 0.4.4 6 sila3 | 4 bariga 4 ban 6 sila (= 286 litres) |
o.ii 3 | ga-murub4-bi 1.2.0 9 sila3 gur | its „sour milk cheese“ 1 gur 2 bariga 9 sila (= 429 litres) |
o.ii 4 | siki-bi 10 gu2 52 〈ma-na〉 | goat hairs 10 gun 52 〈mana〉 (= 326 kg) |
o.ii 5 | ud5 nam-en-na | nam-en-na-goats |
o.ii 6 | 501 ud5 | 501 goats |
o.ii 7 | 420 munusaš2-gar3 | 420 female goat kids |
o.ii 8 | 67 maš2 ninta2 | 67 male goats |
0 | ———— | |
o.ii 9 | ⸢siki⸣-bi 3 gu2 20 la2 1 ma-na | its ⸢goat hairs⸣ 3 gun 19 mana (= 99.5 kg) |
o.ii 10 | nam-ša3-tam | (scheduled for) supervision |
o.ii 11 | ud5 ga-za-pi | ga-za-pi-goats |
0 | ============ | |
0 | […] (rest lost) | |
0 | […] (beginning lost) | |
0 | ============ | |
0 | […] (beginning lost) | |
0 | ============ | |
r.ii 1' | ud5 gub-ba | stock goats |
r.ii 2' | ur-dli9-si4 na-gada ud? […] | Ur-dLisi, herder […] |
0 | ============ |
AUCT 2 391
r. ii 1’ „gub“, (German „Bestand“), indicates animals that were brought for their first shearing and „werden gleichzeitig zum ersten Mal im Bestand gezählt“, Heimpel 1993: 125 and Steinkeller 1995: 54.
The final subscript of the text is not available, as the final part of the tablet has been either erased or is not preserved. Hence we cannot reconstruct its administrative background in detail. The last two available lines indicate that it deals with stock goats of the herder Ur-Lisi.
The passage o. i 1-11 registers 1 bariga 3 ban 9 ⅓ sila (= 99.3 litres) of „butter“ (i3-nun) and 2 bariga 2 ban 9 sila (= 149 litres) of „sour milk cheese“ (ga-murub4) as the delivery quota of dairy products from 298 nanny goats. This corresponds precisely to the delivery quota of 0.3 litres of „butter“ (i3-nun) and 0.5 litres of „sour milk cheese“ (ga-murub4) per „nanny goat“ (ud5) per year as explicitly stated afterwards in lines o. i 9-10.
The passage o. i 12 – o ii 5 registers 4 bariga 4 ban 6 sila (= 286 litres) of „butter“ (i3-nun) and 1 gur 2 bariga 9 sila (= 429 litres) of „sour milk cheese“ (ga-murub4) as the delivery quota of dairy products from 572 nanny goats. This time the text does not indicate the delivery quota explicitly. Still, by calculation, it results in a different quota: 0.5 litres of „butter“ (i3-nun) and 0.75 litres of „sour milk cheese“ (ga-murub4) per „nanny goat“ (ud5) per year. The text indicates instead that they are nam-en-na-goats.
Text | Litres of butter (i3-nun) | Litres of „sour milk cheese“ (ga-murub4) | Estimated number of goats | Number of nanny goats (ud5) registered | Delivery quota in litres per nanny goat (ud5) | |||
i3-nun | ga-murub4 |
AUCT 2 391 (no date and no final subscript preserved) | o. i 11 | 99.3 | 149 | 298 | 0.33 | 0.5 | ||
o. i 12 – 0. ii 5 | 286 | 429 | 572 | 0.5 | 0.75 |
Both these delivery quotas are attested in other sources from Umma [geogr=Umma](see the following table 2). However, the quota of 0.5 litres of „butter“ (i3-nun) and 0.75 litres of „sour milk cheese“ (ga-murub4) per „nanny goat“ (ud5) per year is more often attested both as expected delivery quotas by the administration as well as quotas of deliveries carried out by the herders to the provincial administration. The explicit indication of the quota as 0.3 litres of „butter“ (i3-nun) and 0.5 litres of „sour milk cheese“ (ga-murub4) per „nanny goat“ (ud5) per year in the first passage of our source (AUCT 2 391 o. i 1-11) may likely reveal that the quota more often expected by the administration was the higher one with 0.5 litres of „butter“ (i3-nun) and 0.75 litres of „sour milk cheese“ (ga-murub4) per „nanny goat“ (ud5) per year.
Text | Litres of butter (i3-nun) | Litres of „sour milk cheese“ (ga-murub4) | Estimated number of goats | Number of nanny goats (ud5) registered | Delivery quota in litres per nanny goat (ud5) | |||
i3-nun | ga-murub4 | |||||||
Nisaba 06 08 (IS.03, balanced account on shepherds and goat herders)
|
r. i 16 – 23 | 3 | 4.5 | 6 (quota 0.5/0.75) | 10 | 0.3 | 0.45 | |
r. i 31 – r. ii 5 | 29.3 | 44 | 58 (quota 0.5/0.75) | 90 | 0.3 | 0.48 | ||
r. ii 20 – 30 | 25 | 37.5 | 50 (quota 0.5/0.75) | 63 | 0.39 | 0.59 | ||
r. iii 25 – 35 | 9+? | [14]?.5 | – | 30 | 0.3? | 0.48? | ||
r. iii 25 – 35 | 12.5 | 17 | 22.6-25 (quota 0.5/0.75) | 42 | 0.3 | 0.4 | ||
r. iv 8 – 15 | 5?.3 | 9.5 | 10.6-12.6 (quota 0.5/0.75) | 22 | 0.24? | 0.43 | ||
r. iv 24 – r. v 2 (total) | 84.1 | 127 | 168.2-169.3 (quota 0.5/0.75) | 257 | 0.32 | 0.49 | ||
Nisaba 06 31 (ŠS.06; balanced account on shepherds) |
o. iii 31 – r. i 8 | 43 | 65 | 86 (quota 0.5/0.75) | 160? | 0.27 | 0.4 | |
r. ii 8 – 14 | 35.3 | 53 | 70 (quota 0.5/0.75) | […] | ||||
r. ii 17 – iii 7 | 6.6 | 10 | 13 (quota 0.5/0.75) | 30 | 0.22 | 0.33 | ||
Nisaba 24 27 ([…].[…].[…]; no subscript preserved) |
o. i 3′-4′ | 38.5 | 57.68 | 77 (quota 0.5/0.75) | […] | 0.5 | 0.75 | |
o. iii 13’ – iv 14 | 55 | 82.5 | 110 (quota 0.5/0.75) | unclear168 or 84 because 16 goats are registered as leftovers and old. | unclear20.65 or 0.8 according to the number of registered goats. | unclear31.2 or 0.98 according to the number of registered goats. | ||
o. v 12 – vi 12? | 138 | 207 | 276 (quota 0.5/0.75) | unclear486 or 138 because up to 52 goats are registered as leftover and/or old. | unclear51.6 or 1 according to the number of registered goats. | unclear62.4 or 1.5 according to the number of registered goats. | ||
o. vi 25 – vii 1 | 88 | […] | 176 (quota 0.5/0.75) | 268 | 0.3 | |||
o. vii 7 – 19 | 20+ | 41 | 54 (quota 0.5/0.75) | 51 | 0.8 | |||
o. vii 30 – r. i 9 | 34.5 | 53.08 | 69 (quota 0.5/0.75) | 68 | 0.5 | 0.78 | ||
r. i 22 – 36 | […] | […] | 131 | |||||
r.ii 1 -15 | – | 71.25 | 95 (quota 0.5/0.75) | 48+ | ||||
r. ii 26 – r. iii 3′ | 18 | 27 | 36 (quota 0.5/0.75) | […] | ||||
Nisaba 24 27 |
Total A | r. iv 16′ – 38′ | 266.5 | […]+9.75 | 533 (quota 0.5/0.75) | 566 | 0.47 | |
Total B (nam-en-na-goats) | r. v 9′ – r. vi 13′ | 402.5 | 606.6 | 805-808 (quota 0.5/0.75) | 856 | 0.47 | 0.7 |
The texts published in the series Nisaba are only available in transliteration. Therefore, they cannot be collated from photos or copies. In particular, Nisaba 24 27 is a lengthy account of sheep and goats of various temples in Umma. Still, unfortunately, it is only partially preserved, and only the following temples are attested: of Inana of Zabalam[geogr=Zabalam], of Sulgi, of Ninurra and Šara. Because of its fragmentary status, it is not always possible to reconstruct the number of registered animals. It is not always clear if goats registered as old and/or as „leftover“ are to be considered milk-producing goats. Moreover, if we take the numbers of registered goats as they are listed according to the transliteration, the correspondent delivery quota differs very much from the other attestations. Therefore, these quotas are to be considered as not reliable until the text can be collated.
Bibliography
- Heimpel 1993 = Heimpel, Wolfgang (1993): Zu den Bezeichnungen von Schafen und Ziegen in den Drehem- und Ummatexten, in: Bulletin on Sumerian Agriculture 7, 115-160.
- Steinkeller 1995 = Steinkeller, Piotr (1995): Sheep and Goat Terminology in Ur III Sources from Drehem, in: Bulletin on Sumerian Agriculture 8, 49-70.